PAVE YOUR WAY FOR KNOWLEDGE

CHOOSE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2010-05-21T16:49:00.001+05:30

1. Information Technology is defined as the study of design, development , implementation , support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software-applications and computer hardware.

2. In short IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information.

3. In information technology you would be covering many fields similar to computer science but also

§ telecommunication systems,

§ micro controller applications,

§ network design security management,

§ information coding techniques

§ component based technology

§ visual programming

§ web technology

§ digital system design

§ mobile communication

§ embedded architecture

NANO TECHNOLOGY

2009-09-20T17:30:00.000+05:30

There are two types of nanotechnology:

Structural nanotechnology
Molecular nanotechnology

1. SNT:

*** Current technology

*** Exploiting properties of nanoscale structures

2. MNT:

*** Near future technology

*** Designing and manipulating individual molecules

*** Building shapes… machines…products

*** Also known as molecular manufacturing

PHOTOSHOP

2009-06-11T08:03:00.002+05:30

PLEASE COPY AND PASTE THIS URL

INTO YOUR

BROWSER'S ADDRESS BOX:



http://www.adobe.com/web/tips/glvvtco/main.html

Adobe GoLve Tutorials

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/6470/tech_courses.htm

Technology Tutorials

http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~dga/software.html

Tutorial Links

The Free FrontPage Training in this file has been

replaced by this HTML Page:

http://www.intelinfo.com/newly_researched_free_training/Free_FrontPage_Training_and_Tutorials.html

The Free Photoshop Training in this file has been

 replaced by this HTML Page:

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QUIZ-5

2009-06-04T10:29:00.001+05:30

1. ) ENTENTE CORDIALE

A) Ceremonial gathering

B) Pleasant experience

C) Friendly understanding

D) Hostile relation

ANS:C

2. ) SPOT,BOARD,COFFEE,BIRD,MAGIC

A) Light

B) Less

C) Feather

D) Black

ANS:D

3. ) Synonyms

IGNOMINY

A) Disgrace

B) Stupidity

C) Inadequacy

D) Humor

ANS:A

4. ) Antonym

PENUARY

A) Obstinacy

B) Robustness

C) Haughtiness

D) Affluence

ANS:D

5. ) Archipelago: islands::Massif:?

A) Mountains

B) Caves

C) Forests

D) Hillocks

ANS:A

VLSI

2009-06-02T12:03:00.000+05:30

VLSI stands for “very large scale integration”. This is the field which involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller and smaller areas. Thanks to VLSI, circuits that would have taken boardfuls of space can now be put into a small space few millimeters across. Digital VLSI circuits are predominantly CMOS based. Most of the VLSI circuits available in the commercial market nowadays are of the programmable type and are called programmable Logic Device is a whose logic characteristic can be changed and manipulated or stored through programming . The type of PLD is as follows:

· Programmable array logic (PAL)

· Configurable programmable logic devices (CPLD)

· Field programmable gate array ( FPGA)

Adaptive Noise cancelling is a speech-specific filtering technique to suppress additive interference. It is a sensible choice for speech-orientated devices in situations where the designer has no knowledge of the properties of interference that could potentially corrupt the input speech to a point beyond intelligibility. A good example of devices subject to such noise is mobile telephones, where the user may be communicating in a variety of environments. However, constraints appear when implementing a noise-cancelling algorithm on such a portable device, and issues of power consumption and silicon area become prominent

HACKING SOFTWARES

2009-06-01T19:20:00.000+05:30

1 - Hacking The System - Powered by CO.CC
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All about Hacking, security attacks, password, internet, xp, linux, computers, tools, definitions, great hackers, antivirus, web, tips, hacks, hacking tools, hardware, software, voip, psp, mobile hacking, orkut, downloads, free stuff...
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3 - eDarkZone
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4 - Hacking passwords, hotmail passwords, how to hack, hack hotmail
Hacking passwords, hotmail passwords, how to hack, hack hotmail, msn password hacking, email, emails, hack messenger, cracking, hacking account, find passwords, aol, myspace, aim, gmail, hack yahoo passwords, hack yahoo messenger, hacked passwords, learn...
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5- MMORPG Hacks Cheats Dupes and Exploits
Find all of the latest MMORPG Hacks and exploits here. Dupe and use bugs to get ahead in MMOs by checking the site. Gold video cheat power leveling guides...
www.exploitsrus.org

QUIZ-4

2009-05-31T08:32:00.000+05:30

1. Give the synonym: ABYSMAL

Sol: deep

2. Find the least number which when divided by 35,leaves remainder 25,when divided by45,leaves remainder 35 and when divided by 55,leaves remainder 45?

Sol: 3455

Hint: l.c.m of(35,45,55) minus 10

l.c.m is 3465.Hence the answer is 3455.

3. What is the remainder left after dividing 1!+2!+3!+...+100! By 7?

Sol: 5

Hint: 7! Onwards all terms are divisible by 7 as 7 is one of the factor. So there is no remainder left for those terms. i.e. remainder left after dividing 7!+8!+9!+..+100! Is 0.The only part to be consider is=1!+..+6!=873;

The remainder left after dividing 873 by 7 is 5.Hence the remainder is 5.

4. Two identical pack of cards A and B are shuffled thoroughly.

One card is picked from A and shuffled with B. The top card from pack A is turned up. If this is the Queen of hearts, what are the chances that the top card in B will be the King of hearts?

Sol: 52/2703

Hint: There are two cases to be considered.

Case1: King of hearts is drawn from pack A and shuffled with pack B.

Probability of drawing king of hearts from pack A=1/51(as queen of hearts is not to be drawn. Probability of having King of hearts on the top of the pack B=2/53

So, total probability of case 1=(1/51)*(2/53)=2/(51*53)

Case 2: King of hearts is not drawn from pack A

Probability of not drawing king of hearts from pack A=50/51(as queen of hearts is not to be

drawn).Probability of having king of hearts on the top of the pack B=1/53

So total probability, the required probability is=2/(51*53)+50/(51*53)

=52/2703

5. When do you get a .PLL extension?

Sol: save the library file.

QUIZ-3

2009-05-30T15:47:00.000+05:30

1. What is Ann's relation with her husband's mother's only daughter-in-law's sister's husband?

Sol: brother-in-law

Hint: Let Ann be x. x->husband’s mother->mother-in-law if x

Her only daughter-in-law becomes x

X sister’s husband ->brother-in-law.

2. The ratio of Boys to Girls is6:4.60% of the boys and 40% of the girls take lunch in the canteen. What % of class takes lunch in canteen?

Sol: 52%

Hint: Assume there are 6x boys and 4x girls.

Total students taking lunch in canteen=6x(60/100)+4x(40/100)

=36(x/10) + 16(x/10)=52(x/10)

Total students are =6x+4x=10x

% of class taking lunch in canteen= ((52/10)*100)/10x=52%

3. Consider a number 235, where last digit is the sum of first

two digits. How many such 3-digit numbers are there?

Sol:45

Hint: The last digit cannot be 0.If the last digit is 1,there is only one number If the digit is 2,there are 2 numbers in this. 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9=45.

4. Product of three consecutives numbers is 210.What is the sum of two least numbers?

Sol: 11

Hint: 5,6,7;5+6=11;

5. A student divided a number by 2/3 when he required to multiply by 3/2.Calculate the percentage of error in his result?

Sol: 0%

Hint: divided by 2/3 and multiply by 3/2 is same.Therefore percentage of error is 0%.

QUIZ-2

2009-05-29T22:36:00.000+05:30

1. Find the next no. in the series 1, 2 ,4 ,13 ,31 ,62 ,124 ,__

Sol: 253

Hint: This is series of 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 with the base 5.

2. Expand RISC

Sol: Reduced Instruction Set Computing.

3. At what time after 4.00p.m. is the minutes hand of a clock

exactly aligned with the hour hand?

Sol: 4:21:49.5

Hint: Assume that x minutes after 4.00pm minute hand exactly aligns with and hour hand.

For every minute, minute hand travels 6 degrees.

Hence, for x minutes it will travel 6*x degrees. For every minute, hour hand travels ½ degrees. Hence for x minutes it will travel x/2 degrees. At 4.00pm the angle between minute hand and hour hand is 120 degrees. Also, after x minutes, minute hand and hour hand are exactly aligned. So the angle with respect to 12 i.e. Vertical plane will be same. Therefore,

6*x=120+(x/2), 12*x=240+x,11*x=240,x=21.8182,x=21 minutes 49.5 minutes.

4. main ()

{

main ();

}

Sol: runtime error

Hint: stack overflow. main function calls itself again and again. Each time the function is called its return address is stored in the call stack. Since there is no condition to terminate the function call, the call stack overflows at runtime. So it terminates the program and results in an error.

5. A class of 100 students.24 of them are girls and 32 are not. Which base is used here?

Sol: 6

Hint: Let the base be x. Therefore (x*x + x*0+0)=(2*x+4)+(3*x+2)

x * x=5*x+6 x *x-5*x+6=0;

(x-6)(x+1)=0;

therefore base is 6.

QUIZ 1

2009-05-28T09:05:00.000+05:30

1. Give the excess-3 code of 9?

Sol:1100

2. Find the nth number in the series is 1,-3,5,-7,_

Sol: (-1)*(2n-1)

3. Find the next number in the series 31,29,31,30,31,_

Sol: 30

Hint: jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun…

4. In how many ways can 5 prizes be given away to 3 boys when each boy is eligible for one or more prizes?

Sol:5^3

5. slur : speech ::smudge

Sol: writing

NORMALISATION

2009-05-27T19:20:00.000+05:30

Database Normalization

A series of steps followed to obtain a database design that allows for efficient access and storage of data in a relational database .These steps reduce data redundancy and the chances of data becoming inconsistent.

A table in a relational database is said to be in normal form if it satisfies certain constraints. Codd’s original work defined three such forms but there are now five generally accepted steps of normalization. The output of the first step is called First Normal Form (1NF); the output of the second step is Second Normal Form (2NF), etc.

First Normal Form eliminates repeating groups by putting each into a separate table and connecting them with a one-to-many relationship

Second Normal Form eliminates functional dependencies on a partial key by putting the fields in a separate table from those that are dependent on the whole key

Third Normal Form eliminates functional dependencies on non-key fields by putting them in a separate table. At this stage, all non-key fields are dependent on the key, the whole key and nothing but the key.

Fourth Normal Form separates independent multi-valued facts stored in one table into separate tables.

Fifth Normal Form breaks out data redundancy that is not covered by any of the previous normal forms.

keys-Day10

2009-05-25T23:10:00.000+05:30

Keys :

Surrogate key

A unique primary key generated by the RDBMS that is not derived from any data in the database and whose only significance is to act as the primary key.

A surrogate key is frequently a sequential number but doesn't have to be. Having the key independent of all other columns insulates the database relationships from changes in data values or database design and guarantees uniqueness.

Some database designers use surrogate keys religiously regardless of the suitability of other candidate keys However, if a good key already exists, the addition of a surrogate key will merely slow down access, particularly if it is indexed.

Intelligent key

A relational database which depends wholely on one or more other columns in the same table. An intelligent key might be identified for implementation convenience, where there is no good candidate key

For example, if the three-letter initials of a group of people are known to be unique but only their full names are recorded, a three letter acronym for their names (e.g. John Doe Smith -> JDS) would be an intelligent key.

Intelligent keys are a Bad Thing because it is hard to guarantee uniqueness, and if the value on which an intelligent key depends changes then the key must either stay the same, creating an inconsistency within the containing table, or change, requiring changes to all other tables in which it appears as a foreign key The correct solution is to use a surrogate

Partial key

A key which identifies a subset of a set of information items and which could narrow the subset to one item if other partial key(s) were combined with it.

Compound key

(Or "multi-part key", "concatenated key") A key which consists of more than one attribute of the body of information (e.g. database "record ") it identifies.

Alternate key

A candidate key which is not selected as a primary key

Unique key

A key which identifies only one body of information out of several.

Primary key

The candidate key selected as being most important for identifying a body of information (an entity, object or record).

Candidate key

One of several possible attributes or combinations of attributes which can be used to uniquely identify a body of information (a "record ").

Super Key

A Set of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a relation is called a super key.

Secondary Keys

Keys other than the candidate keys are called the secondary keys.

Foreign Key

A key column in a table that identifies records in a different tbale is called foreign key.

DB ADMIN-DAY9

2009-05-24T01:40:00.000+05:30

Database Administrator

The database administrator is the person(s) in control of the DBMS. One goal of DBMS's is to permit centralized control.

Typical responsibilities of the database administrator:

· Scheme definition

· Storage structure and access method definition

· Scheme and physical organization modification

· Granting authorization for data access

· Integrity constraint specification

Database Users

People who interact with the DBMS:

· Application programmers

· Application programmers write application programs in some programming language (called the host language) which permits the use of DML commands

· Typical host languages: C, Cobol with special syntax to separate DML commands from host language commands

· A DML precompiler handles embedded DML commands before the program is compiled

· Application programs are used to ease common or complicated interaction with the DBMS

· Examples: generating paychecks, doing account transfers,

· Sophisticated users: interact with the DBMS using the DML directly. The query processor translates DML commands into commands to the database manager.

· Specialized users: interact with the DBMS in specialized ways:

· CAD

· Expert systems

· Graphical or audio data

· Temporal data

· Naive users: interact with the database through application programs.

DB MANAGER-DAY8

2009-05-23T09:12:00.000+05:30

DBMS Components

· File manager

· Database manager

· Query processor

· DML precompiler

· DDL compiler

Database Manager :

The database manager is the program or program unit that provides the interface between the physical level and the conceptual level.

Functions of the database manager:

· Interaction with the file manager (file system)

· Minimizing file reads and writes, as disk access is slower than main memory acces

· Translating DML commands to file operations

· Integrity enforcement

· checking that consistency constraints are satisfied

· taking some action when they aren't

· Security enforcement

· Preventing unathorized access to data

· Example: through a password and security classification system

· Backup and recovery

· Detect when information in the database or data dictionary is lost or corrupted due to disk crash, power failure, software errors ...

· Restore the database to a previous consistent state

· Concurrency control - making sure that concurrent updates don't give surprising or inconsistent results.

The database manager for a small system typically does not implement all of these functions.

DATA LANGUAGES-DAY7

2009-05-22T21:13:00.000+05:30

Data Definition Language(DDL)

The data definition language (DDL) is the language used to define and modify the conceptual scheme of the database.

· Often used to define/modify sub schemes

· The definition of the conceptual scheme (written in the DDL) is compiled into a file called the data dictionary

· The data dictionary is consulted for scheme information whenever data is read or modified

· A separate language called the data storage and definition language is used to access the physical scheme of the database

Data Manipulation Language (DML):

The language used at the conceptual and view levels to retrieve, insert, delete and modify information stored in the database

Query

A request for information retrieval. Example (in English): List all customers who have an account balance over $500

Query language

The part of the DML used for retrieving information

The terms query language and data manipulation language are often used interchangeably.

Example: SQL is a DML, but is usually called a query language.

DML's are classified by the kind of query language they include:

· Procedural DML's require the user to specify what data is needed and to provide an algorithm for getting the data. The algorithm is written in query language.
Examples: SQL, Quell

· Nonprocedural DML's require only that the user specify what data is needed
Examples: Data log, QBE

Notes:

· Like the distinction between procedural programming languages (C, C++, Ada) and nonprocedural languages (Prolog)

· DDL's manipulate schemes, while DML's manipulate instances

DATA INDEPENDENCY-DAY6

2009-05-21T10:56:00.001+05:30

Data Independence

The ability to modify a scheme definition at one level without affecting the scheme at the next higher level

Physical data independence

The ability to change the physical scheme without affecting the conceptual scheme

Logical data independence

The ability to change the conceptual scheme without affecting sub-schemes

· Easy if information is added to the conceptual scheme

· Often impossible if information used in some sub-scheme is deleted from the conceptual scheme

Notes:

· Physical data independence implies that programs that use the conceptual level are unaffected by changes to the physical scheme

· Logical data independence implies that programs that use some sub-scheme are unaffected by changes to the conceptual scheme

· Data independence is like data abstraction in software engineering

SCHEMA-DAY5

2009-05-20T19:04:00.001+05:30

Instances and Schemes

The data stored in the database at any given time is an instance of the database.

The overall design of the database is the database scheme.

Example:

Name	account number	balance
TOM CRUISE	1024	8725.38
DANY WALT	4977	10.50

Is an instance of a database with scheme (name, account number, balance)

Database systems have schemes (designs) at each level of abstraction:

· The physical scheme is the design at the physical level, i.e. as a file of records of a particular type

· The conceptual scheme is the design at the conceptual level. Example: (name, account number, balance) is a conceptual scheme.

· A subscheme is a design at the view level

· A sub scheme is part of a scheme

· Example: (name, account number) is a sub scheme of (name, account number, balance)

· The sub scheme controls what information can be seen using the corresponding view

· Example: the previous sub scheme could be used by someone preparing ATM cards for the bank

As with levels of abstraction, there is:

· One physical scheme

· One conceptual scheme

As many sub schemes as needed

MODELS-DAY4

2009-05-19T08:22:00.000+05:30

Object-based logical models

Characteristics:

· Structure of the database is flexible

· Data constraints can be specified explicitly

Examples: * The entity-relationship (ER) model

*Object-oriented (OO) models

Common characteristics of ER and OO models:

· Data is viewed as sets of entities (objects) that represent things in the real world

· Entities (objects) in the system are distinct and uniquely identifiable

· Example: customer entities can be uniquely identified by social security number

· New kinds of objects (entities) can be constructed from old kinds

Record-based logical models

Characteristics:

· Data is viewed as fixed-format records of various types

· Example: one record type for customers, another for checking accounts, ...

Examples of record-based logical models:

· Relational model

· Network model

· Hierarchical model

Network model

· Data represented by collections of records

· Relationships between data items are represented by links between records

· Example: each customer record is linked to the checking account record of that customer

· Records and links can form an arbitrary graph (can have unconnected components and cycles)

Hierarchical model

· Again, data represented by collections of records and relationships by links

· Records and links form a tree (connected graph with no cycles)

The network and hierarchical models are low-level and mostly of historical interest.

DATA MODELS

2009-05-18T17:06:00.002+05:30

A PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION SHOWING THE RELATION OF THE:
* DATA ABSTRACTION LEVELS
* DATA MODELS AND
* CHARACTERISTICS

DBMS-DAY3(DATA MODELS)

2009-05-18T07:33:00.000+05:30

Data Models

A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing:

· Data

· Data relationships

· Data semantics

· Consistency constraints

Data models:

· Provide a way of thinking about data that isn't linked to the implementation of the database

· Are used at the conceptual and view levels.

Kinds of data models:

· Object-based logical models

· Record-based logical models

· Physical data models

DBMS-DAY2

2009-05-17T09:31:00.001+05:30

Abstraction

· (Random House College Dictionary) the act of taking away or separating

· hiding details that aren't needed for a particular purpose

Data abstraction

Hiding details of how data is stored and maintained.

Levels of data abstraction (from low to high)

· Physical level :

· Describes how data is actually stored on physical media

· Example: files of records or structs

· Needed by implementers and maintainers of DBMS's

· Conceptual level :

· Describes what data is stored and how data is interrelated

· Example: data is seen as tables or a graph or tree structure

· Needed by database administrators (and "power users") who must see all of the data

· View level:

· Describes some part or subset of the database

· Simplifies the database for users who only need part

· Useful for controlling access to data

· Example: payroll personnel have a view that lets them see employee data, but not customer data

· Can have as many views as needed. Example: one for payroll personnel, one for tellers, one for officers.

· Views can overlap

· The conceptual level is like a view that encompasses the entire database

INTRODUCTION-DBMS

2009-05-16T10:10:00.001+05:30

Introduction

· A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of data and an integrated set of programs that access that data.

Example: PSH keeps information about each student name, social security number, standing, address etc., this data makes up the database

· Programs (or parts of programs) are used to add new students, to change a student's address or standing, to retrieve information about a student.

Goals of a DBMS:

· Manage large bodies of information

· Provide convenient and efficient ways to store and access information

· Secure information against system failure or tampering

· Permit data to be shared among multiple users

Why DBMS’s are needed?

Alternative: store information in files, and write programs as needed to modify these files and retrieve information.

A file processing system is a collection of files and programs that access/modify these files

Problems with file processing systems:

· Data redundancy and inconsistency

· Difficulty of accessing data

· Problems with concurrent access

Example: Assume I'm paying for groceries with my MAC card at the same time my pay check is being deposited (and my bank uses a file processing system)

withdrawal program	deposit program
1. read balance from checking account file as $55
	2. read balance from checking account file as $55
3. subtract $50 (for groceries)
4. update checking account file (new balance: $5)
	5. add $100 (my salary)
	6. update checking account file (new balance: $155)

It is difficult to prevent such problems unless programs (example: withdrawal and deposit) are coordinated or integrated.

Security problems

· Not all users should have access to all data

· Example: Bank payroll personnel shouldn't know my checking account balance

· Difficult to enforce security in an ad hoc system

Integrity problems

· Data may need to satisfy certain conditions, called consistency constraints.

· Example: Account balances should never fall below $0

· Difficult to enforce/add/change consistency constraints in a file processing system

DBMS's were developed to remedy these problems

FISHERIES SCIENCE

2009-05-15T10:17:00.002+05:30

· Fisheries not only provide an alternate source of protein rich food, but also contribute to the socio-economic growth as well as stimulate subsidiary industries.

· Fisheries science is a highly multidisciplinary subject which involves the biological study of aquatic life as well as farming and husbandry of important fishes and aquatic organisms in fresh water, brackish water and marine environment.

· The College of Fisheries Panangad in Ernakulam district offers a four year bachelors degree programme in Fisheries Science with the objective of creating professional expertise needed for the modernization of the fisheries sector.

· Number of seats is 50(Inclusive of ICAR quota of seven seats and six seats reserved for the children of fishermen).

ADMISSION:

BASED ON: Rank obtained in the Common Entrance Examination conducted by the Commissioner of Entrance Examinations.

For filling the vacancies under ICAR quota, a separate entrance examination is conducted by the ICAR.

COURSE DETAILS:

The B.F.Sc. students are trained in a wide variety of subjects such as:

· AQUACULTURE

· FISHERY BIOLOGY

· FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

· FISHERY HYDROGRAPHY

· FISHING TECHNOLOGY

· FISHERY ENGINEERING

· MANAGEMENT STUDIES

· FISHERIES

· ECONMICS AND

· STATISTICS.

Sustainable fish production practices and scientific breeding and management of fishes are major areas of specialization.

JOB SCOPE:

§ Fisheries graduates can find employment in the public sector organizations such as the fisheries department and the nationalized banks.

§ Jobs are available in the private sector in aquaculture farms, hatcheries and processing plants.

§ Commercial fish farming, seed production and export of marine products and ornamental fishes are potential areas of self-employment and entrepreneurship development in fisheries.

§ Job opportunities are also available in R&D activities in public and private sectors.

MBA-BE AN OPTIMIST

2009-05-13T23:56:00.004+05:30

“No course is equivalent to an MBA course, in terms of the content, orientation, knowledge acquiring, skills development and environmental understanding.”

· MBA course is a professional course which moulds any graduates into a core professional suitable for any sort of business environment.

· An MBA course will teach you about the dynamics of economics and means to manage the turbulent times too, as an individual as well as an entrepreneur.

· The content of the course is designed in such a way that a student is prepared to manage any kind of business, from a small scale to multinational company.

They learn all the functional areas of management:

1. Inputs on international business,

2. Human behavior,

3. Statistics,

4. Economics,

5. Accounting,

6. Finance,

7. System administration,

8. Production technology,

9. Services,

10. Advertising,

11. Market research,

12. Consumer behavior

This constitutes a wide scope for a management student to rise to the occasion at all times.

· The project work undertaken as part of the course adds value with a real life situation learning in the actual corporate environment.

· Most of the other courses are confined to the specific field of study whereas MBA is to the universal course which teaches all about a business.

· An MBA graduate can fit himself/herself to any industry of his/her interest.

The experience with the MBA graduates in the past reveals the fact that they could fight the downturn always with their unique skill set and proactive ness, which they learn through the course.

Also it helps to capitalize the boon period too.

MCA IN CURRENT SCENARIO?

2009-05-13T10:40:00.002+05:30

· The MCA course is mainly focused in developing software for different applications like financial accounting, ERP systems, sales, inventory, marketing, CRM, service sectors like banking, insurance, medicine etc.

· This makes the MCA GRADUATES to deploy their talents in any fields of business and they need not worry about a particular sector’s downturn.

· The opportunities will come from any section of an economy for a MCA degree holder.

· For MCA graduates, there are enough opportunities like

1. Becoming a System Analyst

2. Developing Software for Corporate Clients

3. Working as a Systems Manager

4. Turn to be an Internet Expert

5. Web designing Specialist

6. Be an entrepreneur

7. Consultancy and Computer Education

8. Systems Development

9. Provide Solutions to your Clients and design customized software.

10. Develop platforms for Software/Server based companies.

11. Work as a troubleshooter for computer Firms.

12. Designing Computer Networks for varied clients

· It is in the hands of the students, that how well they make use of the 3 years tenure in their study to develop both the software skill and managerial skill.

CSE

2009-05-12T08:33:00.004+05:30

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

· Computers have entered the everyday life of people in a big way even in underdeveloped countries.

· Right from launching of space vehicles to the preparation of bills in textile shops computers are used one way or the other.

· This discipline deals with the design and construction of computers, and computer-based systems.

· It involves the study of hardware, software, and communication.

· The curriculum focuses on the theories, principles, and practices of relevant areas of traditional electrical engineering and mathematics, and applies them to the problems of designing computers and the many kinds of computer-based devices.

· It also deals with software development in general and development of devices that have software components embedded in hardware.

1. Programming ,

2. Networking,

3. Databases and

4. INTERNET

form elements in the curriculum, expands a wide range from its theoretical and algorithmic foundations to cutting-edge developments in robotics and intelligent systems.

· The graduates can choose the hardware and software area to suit their individual tastes.

ATOMIC ENERGY

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· The University of Mumbai and Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Bombay and National Institute of Science and Research, Bhubaneswar offers 5year integrated M.Sc Programme in Basic sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics) after 10 +2 (or equivalent) schooling.

· It will have a balanced semester based course structure with a flexible seamless curriculum that emphasizes interdisciplinary nature of science in 21^st century and promotes exploration, innovation and research.

· The curriculum for the first two semesters will be common to all and specialization will begin with 3^rd semester.

· The students admitted to NISER will receive a scholarship of Rs.3000/-p.m. and a suitable book grant.

· Those performing exceedingly well in M.Sc may have a chance to be absorbed in R&D units and autonomous research institutions of the DAE.

· Admission procedures for above course is as follows:

*A National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) will be conducted at a no. of centres in India under the supervision of HOMI BHABHA CENTRE for science education (TIFR) Mumbai.

*The test will consist of 5 sections:

1. General(compulsory)

2. Mathematics

3. Physics

4. Chemistry

5. Biology

Of sections (2-5), which will carry equal weight age of marks, any three will have to be selected.

*The questions will be of objective type designed to test comprehension and analytical ability of the candidates.

MOM I LOVE U

2009-05-10T15:26:00.002+05:30

MOM THIS IS FOR U

2009-05-10T15:24:00.001+05:30

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

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· Aerospace engineering covers the study of aeronautic and spacecraft engineering.

· Aerospace engineering is a specialized field applying the knowledge gained from study of aeronautics and astronautics.

· Aerospace engineers design, analyze, model, simulate, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, missiles and rockets.

· Aerospace technology also extends to many other applications of objects moving within gases or liquids.

· Examples are golf balls, high-speed trains, hydrofoil ships, or tall buildings in the wind.

· Aerospace engineers are typically specialists in fields with fancy names such as :

1. AERODYNAMICS,

2. PROPULSION,

3. NAVIGATION,

4. FLIGHT TESTING AND MORE….

· Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space exploration.

· Often specializing in areas such as:

1. STRUCTURAL DESIGN

2. GUIDANCE

3. NAVIGATION AND CONTROL

4. INSTRUMENTATION

5. COMMUICATION

6. PRODUCTION METHODS.

· They often use CAD (Computer Aided Design) software, robotics, and lasers and advanced electronic optics.

· They also may specialize in a particular type of aerospace product, such as commercial transports, military fighter jets, helicopters, spacecraft or missiles and rockets.

· Aerospace engineers may be experts in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control systems.

· Aerospace engineers usually gain employment in aerospace product and parts of various industries.

· An example of this is in the manufacture of motor vehicles, Aerospace engineers are responsible for designing vehicles which have a low resistance to air and greater efficiency with regard to fuel consumption.

· Other than IITs Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology offers courses like B.Tech space technology(AVIONICS) and also

B.Tech space technology(AEROSPACE ENGINEERING).

· Amrita university Coimbatore also offers B.Tech aero space engineering.

ECO ENGINEERING

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ENERGY AND ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING

· Some of the most interesting and productive developments in engineering have taken place at the interfaces between conventional engineering disciplines,

EXAMPLE: Energy engineering

· Energy engineering relates to study of application of a mix of engineering disciplines, such as mechanical and electrical engineering, to solving the problems of extracting, collecting, and utilizing energy resources to satisfy human needs without destroying the environment.

· An interesting new growth area for energy and environmental engineering graduates and post graduates is in the emerging and rapidly expanding renewable energy industries.

· Wind power is leading the race to expand but some of the others for example solar electricity from photovoltaic, are not far behind.

· There are also tremendous career opportunities in wind,wave,hydro and solar energy areas.

· Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthful water, air, and land for human habitation and for the other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.

· In TamilNadu B.Tech energy and environmental engineering is offered in TAMILNADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY-COIMBATORE.

NAUTICAL SCIENCE

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· Study of Nautical Science imparts maritime education and training to the prospective navigating officers of the country.

· The navigating officers who qualify after completing graduate programme in Nautical Science are responsible for the:

1. Navigation of a ship,

2. Loading, and

3. Discharging of Cargo,

4. Maintenance of ships,

5. Safety of Passengers and crew ,

6. Observance of various National and International codes of conducts.

· In the Nautical Science programme students will be having subjects like :

1. Navigation

2. Astronomy

3. Practical Navigation

4. Voyage Planning including Chart work

5. Magnetic and Gyro compasses

6. Electronic Navigational Aids

7. Cargo work,

8. Collision Prevention and

9. Marine Communications,

10. Maritime Law,

11. Marine Engineering,

12. Control Systems and

13. Environmental Sciences etc.

Deep about Electronic Navigational Aids like:

1. RADAR

2. DECCA

3. LORAN

4. SATELLITE NAVIGATION

5. GPS

6. GMDSS and

7. SHIP OPERATION TECHNOLOGY.

PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY

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· Petroleum technology covers a wide range and the specific tasks of petroleum technologists are dependent on the field in which they work.

· Petroleum technologists are involved in the search of new oil-wells.

· This geological work and those involved in this field are known as geological petroleum technologists.

· In the extraction process the petroleum technologists do research on the different types of mud used to lubricate drill bits.

· Petroleum technologists are also involved in the evaluation of crude oil to determine its specific properties and classification which will, in turn, determine the refining parameters.

· Testing and evaluation of the various cuts are done by laboratory petroleum technologists during the refining process.

· Petroleum technologists are employed by Chemical Industries, in the refineries of various oil companies and other manufacturing industries, as well as in marketing sections.

· Employment can also be found in the re-refining.

FINANCIAL MARKET

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CAPITAL MARKET AND SECURITY ANLAYSIS

· With globalization and increasing sophistication of the capital marks, there is a huge demand from the industry for trained professionals who know the art of securities analysis and trading.

· Considering this ever-increasing demand for capital market professionals few institutions have started offering POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN SECURITIES ANALYSIS & TRADING.

· This PG diploma course introduces the students to the fascinating world of financial securities and their derivatives.

· Many sectors of the financial market will be discussed.

· Financial modeling will be introduced to value and to hedge these derivatives.

· This diploma course also describes the important securities and their markets and develops the analytical tools to value those securities, understand their investment characteristics, and manage interest rate risk.

· Main topics covered in the PG programme are analytical methods used in projecting individual stock and bond performance such as discounted cash flows, factor models, value versus growth and an analysis of factors affecting the risks and returns of individuals securities.

· Career prospectus will be in the following areas:

1. Stock analysis and trading.

2. Commodities analysis and trading.

3. Derivatives analysis and trading.

4. Forex Management.

5. Portfolio/Fund Management.

6. Treasury Management.

7. Operations Management.

8. Financial Modelling.

9. Academic Research.

· International College of Financial Planning (ICFP) New Delhi offers post graduate diploma in securities analysis and trading.

AUDIO ENGINEERING

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· Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of sound through mechanical and electronic means.

· The field of audio engineering draws on many disciplines, including ACOUSTICS, PSYCHOACOUSTICS, and MUSIC.

· Unlike ACOUSTICAL ENGINEERING, audio engineering generally does not deal with noise control or acoustical design.

· However it should be noted that an audio engineer is often more affiliated with technician work rather than as engineering, due to the lack of mathematics and science involved in mastering this field.

· Audio engineering is different from Acoustical engineering, which heavily relies on the underlying physics and mathematics of sound waves and their propagation.

· An audio engineer is someone with experience and training in the production and manipulation of sound through mechanical or digital means(ANALOG OR DIGITAL).

· As a professional title, this person is sometimes designated as a sound engineer instead.

· An informal name might be a “SOUND GUY” and/or an “AUDIO GUY”.

· A person with one of these titles is commonly listed in the credits of many commercial music recordings(including movies).

· Audio engineers are generally familiar with the design, installation, and/or operation of sound recording, sound reinforcement, or sound broadcasting equipment.

· In the recordings studio environment, the audio engineer or recordist is a person recording, editing, manipulating, mixing and mastering sound by technical means in order to realize an artist’s or record producer’s creative vision.

· While usually being associated with music production an audio engineer may be involved in dealing sound for a wide range of applications, including post-production for video and film, Live sound reinforcement, advertising , multimedia, broadcasting.

· Audio engineers operate on:

1. Mixing consoles,

2. Microphones,

3. Signal processors,

4. Tape machines,

5. Digital audio workstations,

6. Sequencing software and

7. Speaker systems.

· Commonly an audio engineer is responsible for the technical aspects of a sound recording or other audio production and works together with a record producer or director, although the engineer’s role may also be integrated with that of the producer.

· In Chennai private institutions like SAE college offers such courses.

PRINTING(B.Tech)

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PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

· The invention of printing marked a great leap in the history of human civilization.

· Printmaking is a process for producing multiple original pieces of a text or work of art.

· Printing is science, art, and industry at the same time.

· The induction of electronics, computer application, and information technology has revolutionized the printing industry in recent times.

· There is a tremendous growth in the industry, and it is likely to grow further in the coming years.

AREAS OF STUDY:

1. Printing materials,

2. Print design and

3. Products,

4. Typography and

5. Design principles,

6. Different kinds of presses,

7. Plate making,

8. Operation of offset presses,

9. Computer hardware and software,

10. Computerized-typesetting,

11. Desktop publishing(DTP)

12. Photography,

13. Darkroom techniques,

14. Papers,

15. Boards,

16. Printing inks,

17. Bindery equipment,

18. Scanners,

19. Image editing,

20. Color correction and management,

21. Laser printer,

22. Dye sublimation screen-printing,

23. Warehouse operation,

24. Productivity and

25. Quality control

· There are ample opportunities in printing presses attached to newspapers, magazines, publishing houses.

· Major presses meet the needs of industrial houses, offices, advertising, cinema and packaging as well as those of individuals.

· Self employment is another prospective area for the graduates.