FISHERIES SCIENCE

· Fisheries not only provide an alternate source of protein rich food, but also contribute to the socio-economic growth as well as stimulate subsidiary industries.

· Fisheries science is a highly multidisciplinary subject which involves the biological study of aquatic life as well as farming and husbandry of important fishes and aquatic organisms in fresh water, brackish water and marine environment.

· The College of Fisheries Panangad in Ernakulam district offers a four year bachelors degree programme in Fisheries Science with the objective of creating professional expertise needed for the modernization of the fisheries sector.

· Number of seats is 50(Inclusive of ICAR quota of seven seats and six seats reserved for the children of fishermen).

ADMISSION:

BASED ON: Rank obtained in the Common Entrance Examination conducted by the Commissioner of Entrance Examinations.

For filling the vacancies under ICAR quota, a separate entrance examination is conducted by the ICAR.

COURSE DETAILS:

The B.F.Sc. students are trained in a wide variety of subjects such as:

· AQUACULTURE

· FISHERY BIOLOGY

· FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

· FISHERY HYDROGRAPHY

· FISHING TECHNOLOGY

· FISHERY ENGINEERING

· MANAGEMENT STUDIES

· FISHERIES

· ECONMICS AND

· STATISTICS.

Sustainable fish production practices and scientific breeding and management of fishes are major areas of specialization.

JOB SCOPE:

§ Fisheries graduates can find employment in the public sector organizations such as the fisheries department and the nationalized banks.

§ Jobs are available in the private sector in aquaculture farms, hatcheries and processing plants.

§ Commercial fish farming, seed production and export of marine products and ornamental fishes are potential areas of self-employment and entrepreneurship development in fisheries.

§ Job opportunities are also available in R&D activities in public and private sectors.

ECO ENGINEERING

ENERGY AND ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING

· Some of the most interesting and productive developments in engineering have taken place at the interfaces between conventional engineering disciplines,

EXAMPLE: Energy engineering

· Energy engineering relates to study of application of a mix of engineering disciplines, such as mechanical and electrical engineering, to solving the problems of extracting, collecting, and utilizing energy resources to satisfy human needs without destroying the environment.

· An interesting new growth area for energy and environmental engineering graduates and post graduates is in the emerging and rapidly expanding renewable energy industries.

· Wind power is leading the race to expand but some of the others for example solar electricity from photovoltaic, are not far behind.

· There are also tremendous career opportunities in wind,wave,hydro and solar energy areas.

· Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthful water, air, and land for human habitation and for the other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.

· In TamilNadu B.Tech energy and environmental engineering is offered in TAMILNADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY-COIMBATORE.

PSYCHOLOGY

With the famous saying from Robertson Davies “The eyes sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend”. This is also a psychological behaviour.

Lets look into it know what’s psychology?

· Psychology is a branch of science that deals with mental processes and behavior.

· It is the systematic study of human and animal behavior, mind and thought.

· To pursue the career of a psychologist, one should have a genuine desire to help other human beings.

· Psychology is mainly concerned with the way the mind works.

· Psychologists study the processes, motives, reactions, feelings and nature of the human mind.

· Their treatment is based on changing the behavioral patterns of the patients without medication.

· They do counseling and help people by bringing about changes in their thought process, thus improving their quality of life.

· Psychologists need not have a medical degree.

· But they have to study several years to specialize in various aspects of Psychology.

· One can pursue Psychology at the plus two level, graduate, post graduate, doctorate.

· There are specializations in many fields of Psychology such as

1. Social psychology

2. Child psychology

3. Occupational psychology

4. Clinical psychology

5. Educational psychology

6. Experimental psychology , etc

· Psychologists teach, practice and do research or work in one of the many branches of applied psychology.

· They apply their knowledge and techniques to a wide range of endeavors, including human services, management, education, law and sports.

· Study of psychology includes a diverse range of activities such as the processes of

1. Thinking

2. Learning.

3. Perceiving

4. Remembering

5. Forgetting

And also

1. Physiology of nervous system

2. Development of children

3. Social relationships and

4. Their effect on personality development of children.

5. Mental disorders

Applications of psychology to the study of:

1. Society

2. Industry

3. Education etc.,

4. Techniques of experimenting and

5. Testing and

6. Statistics

*There is a wide variety of topics in the professional study of psychology and some overlapping occurs between the different specialized branches.

*Good at science, math , critical reading and writing will help you to have good carrer growth in psychology.

BIOSECURITY(BIO-INFORMATICS)

BIOMETRIC THE BEST SAFE-GUARD:

· Biometrics is technology that automatically authenticates, identify, or verify an individual based on physiological or behavioural characteristics.

· This process is accomplished by using computer technology in a non-invasive way to match patterns of live individuals in real time against enrolled records.

Example: products that recognize faces, hands, fingers, signatures, irises or irides, voices, and fingerprints.

PART OF BIOMETRICS IN VARIOUS FIELDS AND APPLICATIONS:

· Biometrics are most commonly used to enhance computer network security, protect financial transactions, safeguard international borders, control access to secured work sites, verify time and attendance, and prevent benefits fraud.

· Biometrics work well as stand-alone safeguards in many applications and complement other means of security in other applications.

· To verify e-commerce transactions, protect network security, and authenticate online access, biometric technologies are particularly well suited to work in conjunction with other technologies to create a multi-layered security infrastructure

BIOMETRICS:

· The word biometrics comes from the Greek words bio and metric, meaning ``life measurement''.

· By measuring something unique about an individual and using that to identify them, we can achieve a dramatic improvement in security of the key store.

· Newer biometric measurements include DNA from tissue samples, voice pattern, face pattern or even the arrangement of blood vessels in the retina or pattern of coloration in the cornea of the eye.

· The oldest and most widely accepted biometric is the fingerprint.

· The tip of every finger has a characteristic called ``friction ridges''.

· While generally similar, no two friction ridges are exactly the same.

· By imaging the ridges of the fingertips, we get the fingerprint.

SECURITY LEVEL:

· Integrating smart cards, biometrics and public key cryptography provides a solid foundation for developing secure applications and communications.

The highest level of security uses three-factor authentication:

1. Something you know (password or PIN)

2. Something you have (smart card, magnetic stripe card or a physical key)

3. Something you are (your fingerprint, retina scan or voice pattern)

AUTHENTICATION PATTERNS:

· An individual gains three-factor authentication by combining a smart card, biometric and PIN.

· If the user loses the smart card, the card is inoperable without the biometric.

· Forged fingerprints are weeded out with use of the PIN.

· In a smart-card-secure world, you are not locked into one form of authentication, such as a password or key.

BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS:

Biometric systems are :

· Automated.

· Mostly computerized systems.

· Used in Physio-biological measurements.

· Designed for detection of human body.(UNIQUE INDICATOR)

MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

· *Medical imaging refers to the “techniques and processes used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes”

· *It also refers to study about human anatomy and other cytological changes in human.

· *As a discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates

· *Radiology* *Radiology* *Endoscopy* *Thermography* *medical photography* and *microscopy*.

· e.g. for human pathological investigations- urine culture, blood test

· *Measurement and recording techniques which are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography(EEG) and magnetoencephalography(MEG) and others, but which produce data susceptible to be represented as maps(i.e. containing positional information), can be seen as forms of medical imaging.

· *In the clinical context, medical imaging is generally equated to Radiology or "clinical imaging"

· *The medical practitioner responsible for interpreting images is called a radiologist.

· *Diagnostic radiography designates the technical aspects of medical imaging and in particular the acquisition of medical images.

· *The radiographer or radiologic technologist is usually responsible for acquiring medical images of diagnostic quality.

As a field of scientific investigation, medical imaging constitutes a sub-discipline of:

1. Biomedical engineering,

2. Medical physics,

3. Medicine,

4. Physics,

5. Computer science,

6. Radiology,

7. Neuroscience,

8. Cardiology,

9. Psychiatry,

10. Psycology.

Depending on the context:

· Research and development in the area of instrumentation,

· Image acquisition (e.g.radiography),

· Modelling and

· Quantification.

· *Medical imaging is often perceived to designate the set of techniques that non-invasively produce images of the internal aspect of the body.

· *In this restricted sense, medical imaging can be seen as the solution of the mathematical inverse problems.

· *This means that cause (the properties of living tissue) is inferred from effect of the observed signal.

· *In the case of ultrasonography the probe consists of ultrasonic pressure waves and echoes inside the tissue show the internal structure.

· *In the case of projection radiography, the probe is X-ray radiations which is absorbed at different rates in different tissue types such as bone, muscle and fat.

· Thus medical image processing has lead to development of industrial and other upcoming and existing fields of science and technology.